Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of polymorphic elements, dryness and cracks. The disease affects both adults and children, significantly worsening the quality of life. Rashes formed on the skin, pass through several stages of development: initial reddening, dense nodules that are transformed into vesicles, then formed wet erosions, which in the healing process are covered with scab. The last stage is desquamation. Against the background of eczema, secondary purulent infections often develop.
Causes of the disease
Eczema is attributed to autoimmune diseases, so there are many reasons for the development of pathology:
- Genetic predisposition: family history of eczema;
- Allergies: reaction to certain substances such as pollen, dust, food and chemical components;
- Nervous psychological factors: stress, anxiety or depression;
- Hormonal malfunctions;
- Environmental factors: polluted air, temperature and humidity fluctuations;
- Infectious and viral diseases;
- Skin trauma.
It should be noted that eczema refers to chronic pathologies and the above factors cause both the initial appearance of the disease, and repeated relapses.
Complications of eczema
In general, the eczematous process does not lead to dangerous complications.
Itching and inflammation lead to a decline in the barrier functions of the epidermis, it is easier for infections and allergens to get inside the body and begin their harmful effects. Secondary disease may occur, making diagnosis more difficult.
Some types of eczema, such as atopic dermatitis, can signal the likelihood of other diseases. In this case, the doctor may refer for examination to other specialists.
Sleep problems, the appearance of depression and anxiety are frequent consequences of dermatologic disease, itchy and painful foci reduce the quality of life, having a strong psychological impact.
Modern approaches to the treatment of eczema
Therapy is aimed at reducing symptoms, preventing exacerbations and improving quality of life. Modern eczema treatment methods include drug and non-drug approaches, as well as alternative approaches.
1. Medication treatment
- Corticosteroids are the most commonly used medications to treat eczema. They help reduce inflammation and itching. Corticosteroids come in the form of creams, ointments or tablets. With long-term use, it is important to watch out for side effects such as thinning of the skin.
- For more severe cases of eczema, immunosuppressants are prescribed. These drugs reduce the activity of the immune system, which helps lower inflammation and symptoms.
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: These drugs are used to control inflammation and itching, especially in areas of the skin where the use of corticosteroids is limited.
- Antihistamines may be prescribed to relieve itching. These drugs help reduce itching and discomfort, although they do not always affect the inflammatory response itself.
2. Use of topical agents and phototherapy
- Moisturizing the skin: systematic moisturizing helps to combat dryness and cracking, which aggravate the symptoms. It is recommended to use creams and ointments without fragrances and dyes.
- Phototherapy: this method involves the use of ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation and improve skin condition. Phototherapy can be effective in treating severe forms of eczema that do not respond to standard medication.
- Probiotics: studies show that probiotics can fulfill a role in improving skin conditions and reducing inflammation. However, research results are not yet conclusive and it is mandatory to consult a doctor before starting probiotics.
Therapy often requires an individualized approach, as each case is unique. Together with your doctor, you can develop a plan that will be most effective in your particular situation and help control your symptoms.
Prevention and skin care
Prevention and management of eczema play an important role in maintaining remission and preventing exacerbations. Although complete cure of eczema may not be possible, proper care and preventive measures can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life and reduce the frequency of exacerbations.
Skin care recommendations to prevent exacerbations
- Regular moisturizing: moisturizing the skin should be part of your daily care. Use hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic creams and ointments that help to preserve the skin and prevent dryness and cracks.
- Gentle cleansing: use mild cleansers. Avoid hot baths and showers, as high water temperatures can aggravate dry skin. Prefer warm water and short treatments.
- Clothing and textiles: wear clothes made of natural fabrics such as cotton and avoid synthetic materials that can irritate the skin. Wash clothes using hypoallergenic powders and avoid laundry conditioners.
- Avoiding allergens: if you know that certain foods or substances cause aggravation, try to avoid skin contact or consumption of them. This may include certain cosmetic products, detergents or food allergens.
- Stress control: stress can trigger eczema flare-ups, so it is important to take steps to manage it. This may include exercise, meditation or other relaxation practices.
- Protect your skin: use protective gloves and clothing when working with chemicals or in wet conditions. This will help prevent skin irritation and aggravation.
- Recording symptoms: keeping a diary to record symptoms, exacerbations and possible triggers can help to identify patterns and improve eczema management. Records may include diet, use of new products or lifestyle changes.
- Data analysis: regular analysis of the diary will help you and your doctor better understand what may be triggering exacerbations and how to effectively manage your skin condition.
Eczema is a condition that can be effectively managed with modern techniques and preventative measures. Awareness and active participation in managing your condition can help minimize the impact of eczema on your life and keep your skin in good condition.
Conclusion
Eczema is a chronic skin disease that, despite its complexity and duration, can be effectively treated using modern therapies. The right choice of medications, topical agents, phototherapy and probiotics can significantly improve the skin condition and reduce the frequency of exacerbations. It is important to remember that regular skin care, preventive measures, allergen avoidance and stress management play a key role in maintaining remission and improving patients’ quality of life. A systematic approach and active participation in disease control can effectively manage eczema and minimize its impact on daily life.
